SYNOPSIS

         use Fcntl;   # For O_RDWR, O_CREAT, etc.
         use NDBM_File;

         tie(%h, 'NDBM_File', 'filename', O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0666)
           or die "Couldn't tie NDBM file 'filename': $!; aborting";

         # Now read and change the hash
         $h{newkey} = newvalue;
         print $h{oldkey};
         ...

         untie %h;

DESCRIPTION

       "NDBM_File" establishes a connection between a Perl hash variable and a
       file in NDBM_File format;.  You can manipulate the data in the file
       just as if it were in a Perl hash, but when your program exits, the
       data will remain in the file, to be used the next time your program
       runs.

       Use "NDBM_File" with the Perl built-in "tie" function to establish the
       connection between the variable and the file.  The arguments to "tie"
       should be:

       1.  The hash variable you want to tie.

       2.  The string "NDBM_File".  (Ths tells Perl to use the "NDBM_File"
           package to perform the functions of the hash.)

       3.  The name of the file you want to tie to the hash.

       4.  Flags.  Use one of:

           "O_RDONLY"
             Read-only access to the data in the file.

           "O_WRONLY"
             Write-only access to the data in the file.

           "O_RDWR"
             Both read and write access.

           If you want to create the file if it does not exist, add "O_CREAT"
           to any of these, as in the example.  If you omit "O_CREAT" and the
           file does not already exist, the "tie" call will fail.

       5.  The default permissions to use if a new file is created.  The
           actual permissions will be modified by the user's umask, so you
           should probably use 0666 here. (See "umask" in perlfunc.)

DIAGNOSTICS

       See "tie" in perlfunc, perldbmfilter, Fcntl



perl v5.8.8                       2001-09-21                      NDBM_File(3)